Uses of MetalsCambridge IGCSE Chemistry: Flashcards

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Why is aluminium used in aircraft construction?

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Why is aluminium used in aircraft construction?: Aluminium has a low density, making aircraft lightweight. This reduces fuel consumption and improves fuel efficiency, whilst maintaining structural strength.
Name two physical properties of aluminium that make it suitable for overhead electrical cables.: Low density (so cables are lightweight and easy to install) and good electrical conductivity (so electricity can be transmitted efficiently).
Explain why aluminium is used in food containers in terms of its physical properties.: Aluminium has excellent resistance to corrosion. It does not rust or corrode easily, so it is safe for storing food and does not contaminate the contents.
What property of copper makes it suitable for use in electrical wiring?: Copper has good electrical conductivity, allowing electrical current to flow through it efficiently with minimal resistance.
Why is ductility an important property of copper for electrical wiring applications?: Ductility allows copper to be drawn into thin wires without breaking. This property enables the manufacture of flexible electrical cables and wires of various thicknesses.
Compare the use of aluminium and copper in electrical applications. Why might each be chosen?: Aluminium is used in overhead cables due to low density and good conductivity (lightweight installation). Copper is used in household wiring due to excellent conductivity and ductility (safe, reliable, flexible).
Name the metal used in overhead power cables and state its key physical property.: Aluminium is used in overhead power cables because of its low density, making the cables lightweight and economical to install over long distances.
What does 'ductility' mean in the context of copper?: Ductility is the ability of copper to be drawn or stretched into thin wires without breaking, making it ideal for manufacturing electrical wiring.
Explain why low density is advantageous for metals used in overhead electrical cables.: Low density means the cable is lightweight, reducing the stress on support structures, lowering installation costs, and making the cables easier to handle and maintain.
Why is electrical conductivity a critical property for metals used in wiring and cables?: Good electrical conductivity allows electric current to flow easily through the metal with minimal resistance, ensuring efficient transmission of electricity and reducing energy loss as heat.
State the property of aluminium that makes it resistant to corrosion in food containers.: Aluminium forms a thin, protective oxide layer on its surface that prevents further corrosion and protects the food from contamination, making it suitable for food storage.
Name two uses of aluminium and the physical property responsible for each use.: Aircraft construction: low density (lightweight, fuel-efficient). Overhead cables: low density and good electrical conductivity (lightweight, efficient transmission).
Why must a metal used in household electrical wiring possess both good conductivity and ductility?: Good conductivity ensures safe and efficient current flow. Ductility allows it to be formed into flexible wires and cables that can be routed through buildings without cracking or breaking.
Compare aluminium and copper as electrical conductors. Which is used in overhead cables and why?: Both conduct electricity well, but aluminium is used in overhead cables because its low density makes it lighter and more economical for long-distance installation, despite copper being a slightly better conductor.
Identify the metal used in food containers and explain which physical property makes it suitable for this application.: Aluminium is used in food containers due to its resistance to corrosion. The protective oxide layer prevents rust and corrosion, keeping food safe and uncontaminated.