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Arrangement of ElementsCambridge IGCSE Chemistry: Flashcards

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How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

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How are elements arranged in the periodic table?
In order of increasing proton (atomic) number, organised into periods (rows) and groups (columns).
What do elements in the same group have in common?
The same number of electrons in their outer shell.
What do elements in the same period have in common?
The same number of occupied electron shells.
How does character change across a period, left to right?
It changes from metallic character (left) to non-metallic character (right).
What charge of ion do Group I elements typically form?
1+ (they lose 1 electron).
What charge of ion do Group VII elements typically form?
1− (they gain 1 electron).
What charge of ion do Group VI elements typically form?
2− (they gain 2 electrons).
Why do elements in the same group have similar chemical properties?
Because they have the same number of outer shell electrons, and chemical reactions mainly involve outer shell electrons.
How can the periodic table be used to predict an element's properties?
By using its position (group and period) to compare it with known trends shown by other elements in the same group or period.
What is the relationship between group number and number of outer shell electrons (Groups I–VII)?
Group number equals the number of outer shell electrons.