Acid anhydrides, acyl chlorides and acylationAQA A-Level Chemistry: Mind map

Exam questions on Acid anhydrides, acyl chlorides and acylation

1. A technician adds ethanoyl chloride, CH₃COCl, in separate experiments to water, to ethanol, to concentrated ammonia and to methylamine, CH₃NH₂. Each reaction is vigorous and produces misty fumes.
   Write the equation for the reaction of ethanoyl chloride with ethanol and name the organic product.2 marks
2. Aspirin is made industrially by reacting 2-hydroxybenzoic acid with ethanoic anhydride, (CH₃CO)₂O, rather than with ethanoyl chloride. Both reagents can acetylate the OH group on the benzene ring.
   Give two industrial advantages of using ethanoic anhydride rather than ethanoyl chloride to make aspirin.2 marks
3. A chemist reacts propanoyl chloride, CH₃CH₂COCl, separately with ammonia and with ethylamine, CH₃CH₂NH₂. In each case an amide is formed.
   Write the equation for the reaction of propanoyl chloride with ethylamine, name the organic product and name the type of mechanism.3 marks