Separating MixturesOxford AQA IGCSE Chemistry: Flashcards

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Define a mixture.

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Define a mixture.: Two or more elements or compounds mixed together but not chemically combined.
Name three physical methods used to separate mixtures.: Filtration, distillation and crystallisation.
What does filtration separate?: An insoluble solid from a liquid.
What is the liquid that passes through filter paper called?: The filtrate.
What is the solid left behind on filter paper called?: The residue.
What does crystallisation obtain from a solution?: A solid solute, by evaporating solvent and allowing crystals to form as it cools.
What property difference does distillation rely on?: Differences in boiling point.
Describe the two main steps of simple distillation.: The mixture is heated so the lower-boiling substance evaporates, then the vapour is cooled/condensed and collected as a liquid.
Which separation method would best obtain the pure solvent from a salt solution?: Distillation.
Which separation method would best obtain solid salt crystals from a salt solution?: Crystallisation.
Which separation method would best separate sand from a sand-and-water mixture?: Filtration.
Why can mixtures be separated using only physical methods (not chemical reactions)?: Because the substances in a mixture are not chemically combined, so no chemical bonds need to be broken to separate them.