Chemical BondingOxford AQA IGCSE Chemistry: Flashcards

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What is a compound?

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What is a compound?: A substance in which atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined.
Why do atoms bond with each other?: To achieve the stable electron arrangement of a noble gas by transferring or sharing electrons in their highest occupied energy levels.
What happens to electrons in ionic bonding?: Electrons are transferred from a metal atom to a non-metal atom.
What happens to electrons in covalent bonding?: Pairs of electrons are shared between atoms.
What happens to electrons in metallic bonding?: The electrons in the highest occupied energy levels become delocalised and are free to move through the whole structure.
What type of elements combine to form ionic bonds?: A metal and a non-metal.
What type of elements combine to form covalent bonds?: Two (or more) non-metal atoms.
What holds a metallic structure together?: Strong electrostatic attractions between the positive metal ions and the delocalised electrons surrounding them.
What charge does a metal atom gain when it loses electrons in ionic bonding?: A positive charge, becoming a positive ion (cation).
What charge does a non-metal atom gain when it gains electrons in ionic bonding?: A negative charge, becoming a negative ion (anion).
What holds oppositely charged ions together in an ionic compound?: Strong electrostatic forces of attraction.
How can you predict the type of bonding in a substance from its elements?: Metal + non-metal suggests ionic bonding; non-metal + non-metal suggests covalent bonding; metal atoms only suggests metallic bonding.