HydrocarbonsOxford AQA IGCSE Chemistry: Flashcards
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What is a hydrocarbon?
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- What is a hydrocarbon?
- A molecule made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms only
- What is the general formula for an alkane?
- CnH2n+2
- What does it mean for a hydrocarbon to be saturated?
- All the carbon-carbon bonds are single covalent bonds
- Name the first three alkanes.
- Methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8)
- What is the molecular formula of methane?
- CH4
- What is the molecular formula of propane?
- C3H8
- How does boiling point change as hydrocarbon chain length increases?
- Boiling point increases
- How does viscosity change as hydrocarbon chain length increases?
- Viscosity increases (the liquid gets thicker)
- How does flammability change as hydrocarbon chain length increases?
- Flammability decreases
- Why does boiling point increase with chain length?
- Longer molecules have stronger intermolecular forces, needing more energy to separate them
- What process separates crude oil into fractions?
- Fractional distillation
- Where are fractions with short chain lengths collected in a fractionating column?
- Near the top, where it is cooler
- Where are fractions with long chain lengths collected in a fractionating column?
- Near the bottom, where it is hotter