Atomic StructureOxford AQA IGCSE Physics: Flashcards

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Describe the basic structure of an atom.

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Describe the basic structure of an atom.: A small central positively charged nucleus (containing protons and neutrons) surrounded by electrons.
What is the approximate radius of an atom?: Approximately 10⁻¹⁰ m.
What experiment provides evidence for the distribution of mass in an atom?: The scattering of alpha particles by thin metal foil.
What does it show when most alpha particles pass straight through thin metal foil?: That atoms are mostly empty space.
What does it show when some alpha particles are deflected at large angles or bounce back?: That the atom has a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.
What is the relative mass and charge of a proton?: Mass 1, charge +1.
What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron?: Mass 1, charge 0.
What is the relative mass and charge of an electron?: Very small mass, charge −1.
In a neutral atom, how do the number of electrons and protons compare?: They are equal.
What is an ion?: An atom that has lost or gained electrons, giving it an overall electric charge.
Define atomic number.: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
Define mass number.: The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Define isotopes.: Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.