A sex cell, such as a sperm cell or an egg cell, with the genes of one parent.

What is fertilisation?

The fusion of a male gamete and a female gamete to form a zygote.

How many parents are involved in sexual and asexual reproduction?

Sexual: two parents. Asexual: one parent.

Why does sexual reproduction produce variation?

The offspring receive a mixture of genes from two parents.

What are the offspring of asexual reproduction called?

Clones: they are genetically identical to the parent.

What is binary fission?

Asexual reproduction in bacteria in which one cell divides into two identical cells.

How do strawberry plants reproduce asexually?

They grow runners: stems along the ground that produce new plants.

How do fungi such as moulds reproduce asexually?

They release tiny spores, each of which can grow into a new fungus.

Give a disadvantage of asexual reproduction.

There is no variation, so a disease can affect all the offspring.

The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma.

What happens in fertilisation in a flowering plant?

A male gamete from a pollen grain fuses with a female gamete in an ovule.

Why is seed dispersal important?

It reduces competition for light, water and minerals between the seedlings and the parent plant.

Sexual and asexual reproductionIB MYP Biology: Flashcards

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What is a gamete?

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What is a gamete?: A sex cell, such as a sperm cell or an egg cell, with the genes of one parent.
What is fertilisation?: The fusion of a male gamete and a female gamete to form a zygote.
How many parents are involved in sexual and asexual reproduction?: Sexual: two parents. Asexual: one parent.
Why does sexual reproduction produce variation?: The offspring receive a mixture of genes from two parents.
What are the offspring of asexual reproduction called?: Clones: they are genetically identical to the parent.
What is binary fission?: Asexual reproduction in bacteria in which one cell divides into two identical cells.
How do strawberry plants reproduce asexually?: They grow runners: stems along the ground that produce new plants.
How do fungi such as moulds reproduce asexually?: They release tiny spores, each of which can grow into a new fungus.
Give a disadvantage of asexual reproduction.: There is no variation, so a disease can affect all the offspring.
What are the stages of incomplete metamorphosis?: Egg, nymph, adult.
What are the stages of complete metamorphosis?: Egg, larva, pupa, adult.
What is pollination?: The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma.
What happens in fertilisation in a flowering plant?: A male gamete from a pollen grain fuses with a female gamete in an ovule.
Why is seed dispersal important?: It reduces competition for light, water and minerals between the seedlings and the parent plant.

Exam questions on Sexual and asexual reproduction

A gardener in the Netherlands grows strawberries. One plant sends out long stems that grow along the soil surface. A new small plant grows at intervals along each stem, and the gardener cuts these new plants off and plants them in new beds.
Suggest two advantages to the gardener of growing new plants from runners rather than from seeds.2 marks
In an orchard in New Zealand, bees visit apple blossom to collect nectar. Later in the season the apples ripen. Birds and people eat some of the apples and drop the seeds some distance from the tree.
Explain why it is an advantage to the apple tree that its seeds are dropped away from it.2 marks
A student compares how far a fan can carry three types of seed. She drops each seed from the same height in front of a table fan on its lowest setting and measures how far from the starting point it lands. She uses five seeds of each type. The mean distance is 3.2 m for sycamore seeds, which have a wing, 4.5 m for dandelion seeds, which have a ring of fine hairs, and 0.4 m for pea seeds, which are smooth and heavy.
Identify the independent variable, the dependent variable and one control variable in this investigation.3 marks

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Written by the Exaim team, led by Shaun Daswani (Head of Upper Secondary, Improve ME Institute; MSc Financial Mathematics, Imperial College London; BSc, UCL) and Jason Daswani (operational lead, Improve ME Institute; LSE).