Concept and Uses of Classification SystemsCambridge IGCSE Biology: Flashcards

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What is a species?

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What is a species?: A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.
What are the two parts of a binomial name?: The genus (first, capitalised) and the species (second, lower case).
In Homo sapiens, which part is the genus?: Homo.
What is a dichotomous key used for?: Identifying organisms using a series of paired (yes/no) questions about their features.
What do modern classification systems aim to reflect?: Evolutionary relationships between organisms.
What evidence, besides physical features, is used to classify organisms?: The sequence of bases in DNA.
What does it mean if two groups have more similar DNA base sequences?: They share a more recent common ancestor.
Name the five kingdoms.: Animal, plant, fungus, prokaryote, protoctist.
Name the five main groups of vertebrates.: Mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish.
Name the four main groups of arthropods.: Myriapods, insects, arachnids, crustaceans.
What two groups (besides ferns) is the plant kingdom split into?: Dicotyledons and monocotyledons (flowering plants).
What are viruses made of, and why are they not in a kingdom?: A protein coat and genetic material; they sit outside the five-kingdom classification system.