Food Chains and Food WebsCambridge IGCSE Biology: Flashcards
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Define a food chain.
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- Define a food chain.
- A diagram showing the transfer of energy from one organism to the next, beginning with a producer.
- What must a food chain always begin with?
- A producer.
- Define a food web.
- A network of interconnected food chains showing the feeding relationships within a community.
- How is a food web different from a food chain?
- A food web links many food chains together, showing that most organisms eat and are eaten by more than one species, whereas a food chain shows just one feeding sequence.
- What is a primary consumer?
- An organism that feeds directly on producers.
- What is a secondary consumer?
- An organism that feeds on primary consumers.
- Define herbivore.
- An animal that only eats plants.
- Define carnivore.
- An animal that only eats other animals.
- Define decomposer.
- An organism that gets its energy from dead or waste organic material.
- What effect does overharvesting a species have on a food web?
- It reduces numbers of that species faster than they can reproduce, disrupting every species connected to it in the web.
- What effect can introducing a foreign species have on a habitat's food web?
- It can outcompete native species, lack natural predators, or prey on species with no defences against it, disrupting the existing food web.
- In the food chain grass -> rabbit -> fox, identify the producer.
- Grass.
- In the food chain grass -> rabbit -> fox, what type of consumer is the fox?
- Secondary consumer.
- Why are decomposers important even though they are not usually drawn in simple food chains?
- They break down dead material and recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem for producers to use.
- What does an arrow in a food chain represent?
- The direction that energy flows, from the organism eaten to the organism that eats it.