Aerobic RespirationCambridge IGCSE Biology: Flashcards

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Define aerobic respiration.

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Define aerobic respiration.: The release of energy from organic substances in the presence of oxygen, producing carbon dioxide and water as waste products.
What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?: Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
What is the balanced chemical equation for aerobic respiration?: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O (+ energy released as ATP)
Name five uses of energy released during aerobic respiration in living organisms.: Muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, active transport, and maintenance of constant body temperature.
Explain how aerobic respiration enables muscle contraction.: Aerobic respiration releases energy in the form of ATP, which provides the energy required for muscle filaments to slide past one another, causing muscle contraction.
How does aerobic respiration support protein synthesis?: The ATP produced from aerobic respiration provides the energy needed for ribosomes to link amino acids together in the correct sequence to form proteins.
Explain the role of aerobic respiration in active transport.: Aerobic respiration releases ATP, which is used as energy to move ions and molecules against their concentration gradient across cell membranes via carrier proteins.
How is aerobic respiration involved in maintaining constant body temperature?: Energy released from aerobic respiration is used to generate heat through metabolic processes, allowing organisms to maintain a constant body temperature through heat production.
Describe the effect of increasing temperature on the rate of respiration in yeast.: As temperature increases from 0 °C to approximately 37-40 °C, the rate of respiration in yeast increases because enzyme activity increases; above this temperature, the rate decreases as enzymes denature.
Why does respiration rate in yeast increase with temperature up to an optimum?: Higher temperatures provide more kinetic energy to enzyme and substrate molecules, increasing collision frequency and enzyme-substrate complex formation, speeding up the respiration rate.
What happens to respiration rate in yeast when temperature exceeds the optimum?: The respiration rate decreases because the high temperature causes enzyme proteins to denature, breaking their tertiary structure and destroying their active sites, reducing enzyme activity.
How would you investigate the effect of temperature on respiration in yeast?: Measure the rate of carbon dioxide production (or oxygen consumption) using a respirometer at different controlled temperatures; plot a graph of respiration rate against temperature to identify the optimum temperature.
Name two uses of energy in living organisms related to growth and development.: Cell division (mitosis) requires ATP for spindle fibre formation and chromosome movement; growth requires ATP for protein synthesis to build new cells and tissues.
Explain how aerobic respiration enables cell division.: ATP from aerobic respiration provides energy for spindle fibre formation, chromosome movement, and the breakdown and reformation of the nuclear envelope during mitosis.
Define nerve impulses and explain how aerobic respiration supports them.: Nerve impulses are electrical signals transmitted along neurones; aerobic respiration produces ATP, which powers sodium-potassium pumps that maintain the resting potential and allow nerve impulses to be generated and transmitted.