Growth in OrganismsEdexcel GCSE Biology: Flashcards

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What two processes cause growth in animals?

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What two processes cause growth in animals?: Cell division (mitosis) and differentiation.
What three processes cause growth in plants?: Cell division, elongation, differentiation.
Define differentiation.: A cell changing to become specialised for a particular function.
Where does cell division occur in plants?: At meristems, found at root and shoot tips.
What is cell elongation?: Increase in length of a plant cell as it absorbs water.
Key difference between animal and plant growth?: Plants grow partly by cell elongation; animals do not.
Why is differentiation important?: Allows cells to develop structures suited to specific functions, enabling division of labour.
When do most animal cells differentiate?: Early in development.
What is a percentile chart used for?: To monitor growth compared with expected ranges for age and sex.
What does being on the 50th percentile mean?: Average mass/height for age and sex.
What might it indicate if growth crosses percentile lines?: A possible growth or health problem.
Give an example of a differentiated animal cell.: Red blood cell — loses nucleus, becomes biconcave disc for oxygen transport.
Where are new plant cells produced?: At the meristem.