DiseaseEdexcel GCSE Biology: Flashcards

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WHO definition of health?

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WHO definition of health?: Complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely absence of disease.
Communicable vs non-communicable disease?: Communicable is pathogen-caused and transmissible; non-communicable cannot spread between organisms.
Why can one disease increase susceptibility to others?: It can weaken the immune system, e.g. HIV destroying white blood cells.
Define pathogen.: A disease-causing organism: virus, bacteria, fungi or protist.
Cholera: pathogen, effect, spread?: Bacteria; diarrhoea; spread via contaminated water.
TB: pathogen, effect, spread?: Bacteria; lung damage; airborne spread.
Chalara ash dieback: pathogen, effect, spread?: Fungi; leaf loss and bark lesions; airborne spread.
Malaria: pathogen, effect, spread?: Protists; blood/liver damage; spread via mosquito vectors.
HIV: pathogen, effect, spread?: Virus; destroys white blood cells leading to AIDS; spread via sexual contact/body fluids.
Ebola: pathogen, effect, spread?: Virus; haemorrhagic fever; spread via body fluids.
Describe the lytic pathway.: Virus injects genetic material, host makes viral components, new viruses assemble, host cell lyses.
Describe the lysogenic pathway.: Viral DNA inserts into host chromosome, replicated as the cell divides, remains dormant.
How is Chlamydia spread/prevented?: Sexual contact; prevented by condoms and screening.
Two physical plant defences?: Cell wall and leaf cuticle.
Four methods to detect plant disease?: Elimination of environmental causes, distribution analysis, symptom observation, diagnostic testing.