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The Organism in the EnvironmentEdexcel GCSE Biology: Flashcards

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Four levels of ecological organisation?

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Four levels of ecological organisation?
Organism → population → community → ecosystem.
Define population.
All organisms of one species in a habitat.
Define community.
Populations of different species interacting in a habitat.
Define ecosystem.
A community interacting with its abiotic environment.
Four abiotic factors?
Temperature, light intensity, water availability, pollutants.
Two biotic factors?
Competition and predation.
What is competition?
Organisms competing for limited resources.
Why is interdependence important?
Removing one species can affect many others, destabilising the community.
Define parasitism.
Parasite benefits, host is harmed.
Define mutualism.
Both organisms benefit.
What is a quadrat used for?
Sampling organism numbers/cover in a known area.
What is a belt transect used for?
Sampling species distribution along a gradient.
Why place quadrats randomly?
To avoid bias, representative sampling.
Formula for estimating population size?
Mean per quadrat × (total area ÷ quadrat area).
10 quadrats (1m²) in 200m², mean 3/quadrat. Estimate population.
3×200=600.