The Atom and Atomic ModelsAQA GCSE Physics: Flashcards

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Describe the basic structure of an atom.

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Describe the basic structure of an atom.: A positively charged nucleus of protons and neutrons, surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
How does the radius of the nucleus compare to the radius of the atom?: The nucleus radius is less than 1/10,000 of the atom's radius.
What happens to an electron when an atom absorbs electromagnetic radiation?: It moves to a higher energy level.
What happens to an electron when it moves to a lower energy level?: Electromagnetic radiation is emitted.
Why do atoms have no overall electrical charge?: The number of electrons equals the number of protons.
Define atomic number.: The number of protons in an atom.
Define mass number.: The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
What is an isotope?: An atom of the same element with a different number of neutrons (same atomic number, different mass number).
How does an atom become a positive ion?: By losing one or more outer electrons.
Describe the plum pudding model of the atom.: A ball of positive charge with negatively charged electrons embedded in it, with no nucleus.
What did the alpha particle scattering experiment show?: That most of an atom's mass and positive charge is concentrated in a tiny, dense nucleus, since a small number of alpha particles were deflected back.
What did the Bohr model propose?: That electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed, specific distances (energy levels).
Put these atomic models in order: nuclear model, Bohr model, plum pudding model, indivisible sphere.: Indivisible sphere → plum pudding model → nuclear model → Bohr model.