Atomic structure and isotopes

Relative masses and mass spectrometry

Ionisation energies

Electronic configuration and orbitals

Periodicity

Ionic bonding and ionic compounds

Covalent bonding and dot-and-cross diagrams

Shapes of molecules and ions

Electronegativity and bond polarity

Intermolecular forces

Metallic bonding and giant structures

Oxidation numbers

Oxidation, reduction and disproportionation

Half-equations and ionic equations

Group 1 and 2 elements and their compounds

Group 7: the halogens

Reactions of halides and silver nitrate

Analysis of inorganic compounds

The mole and molar mass

Balanced equations and reacting masses

Gas volumes and molar volume

Solution concentrations and titration calculations

Yields, atom economy and experimental errors

Introduction to organic chemistry

Isomerism: structural and E/Z

Alkanes as fuels and pollution

Radical substitution of alkanes

Alkenes: structure and electrophilic addition

Addition polymers and polymer disposal

Halogenoalkanes and nucleophilic substitution

Alcohols

Mass spectrometry in organic analysis

Infrared spectroscopy

Enthalpy changes and standard conditions

Measuring enthalpy changes

Hess's law and enthalpy cycles

Bond enthalpies

Collision theory and rates of reaction

Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions

Catalysts

Dynamic equilibrium and Le Chatelier's principle

The equilibrium constant Kc

Kp and calculating equilibrium constants

Effect of conditions on K

Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases and pH

Ka, pKa and weak acid pH

Kw and pH of bases

Titration curves and indicators

Buffer solutions

Lattice energy and Born-Haber cycles

Ionic bonding: theoretical and experimental lattice energy

Enthalpy of solution and hydration

Entropy and spontaneity

Gibbs free energy

Standard electrode potentials

Electrochemical cells and cell diagrams

Predicting feasibility and limitations

Storage cells and fuel cells

Redox titrations

Properties of transition metals

Complex ions and ligands

Colour in transition metal complexes

Redox chemistry of vanadium and chromium

Reactions of transition metal ions with bases and ligands

Transition metals as catalysts

Rate equations and orders of reaction

Experimental methods for rate data

Rate-determining step and reaction mechanisms

Arrhenius equation and activation energy

Chirality and optical isomerism

Aldehydes and ketones

Carboxylic acids

Acyl chlorides and esters

Condensation polymers

Structure and bonding of benzene

Electrophilic substitution of benzene

Amines and amides

Amino acids and proteins

Organic synthesis and reaction pathways

Mass spectrometry for structure determination

Carbon-13 NMR

Proton NMR

Chromatography